• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A pressure test method for testing a mechanical strength and / or leak tightness of an object (2), wherein the object (2) encloses an internal cavity (1) with a volume Vc, the pressure test method comprising the following steps: a. of a first volume Vf of the internal cavity (1) with a first filling material (3), wherein a second volume Vt of the internal cavity (1) remains free of the first filling material (3); b. then hermetically sealing the internal cavity (1); c. then increasing a pressure p measured in the second volume Vt by directing a stream of compressed gas to and in the second volume Vt until a test pressure Pt is reached; and d. subsequently registering the pressure p during a predefined period of time greater than zero, characterized in that the first volume Vf is at least 70% of the volume Vc.
    公开号:BE1026117B1
    申请号:E20185859
    申请日:2018-12-07
    公开日:2020-01-07
    发明作者:Wim Moens；Johan Heylen
    申请人:Atlas Copco Airpower Nv；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    A pressure test method and pressure test installation for testing the mechanical strength and / or leak tightness of an object.
    an object test with the present invention relates to pressure testing method and pressure testing installation for the mechanical strength and / or leak tightness of an internal cavity.
    More specifically, the invention relates to a pressure test method and pressure test installation for an object with an internal cavity, in which the internal cavity is filled with a first filling material such that an interface between the first filling material and the object is kept as small as possible.
    For safety reasons, mechanical parts or equipment which, under operational conditions, require a fluid under pressure, should be tested for mechanical strength and / or leak-tightness by means of pressure tests.
    Traditionally, pressure testing of a mechanical part with an internal cavity is performed by sealing the internal cavity and then filling the internal cavity with a fluid under pressure.
    The advantage of in pressure testing use to make from a fluid under pressure is that, when part from it m e ch ani s ch part. ravishes during ' t pressure test and, a
    the amount of energy released in an environment of the object will be relatively limited.
    BE2018 / 5859
    The use of a liquid under pressure can, however, have a negative influence on further treatments that must be applied to the part, such as painting, anodization, phosphating and / or electrolytic processes. To avoid this negative influence, additional anemic treatments are required to clean the mechanical part.
    As an additional drawback, the liquid may contain various chemically hazardous products and. this fluid must be refreshed on a regular basis. This leads to a need for the disposal of hazardous chemical waste and to additional processes and logistics that are linked to this.
    To avoid the disadvantages of using a pressurized liquid, a neutral gas or gas mixture under pressure, such as compressed air, can be used for pressure testing.
    For the same volume of the internal cavity of the mechanical component, however, the amount of energy released into the environment when part of the mechanical component fails during pressure testing will be much greater when using a pressurized gas than a fluid under the same pressure during pressure testing.
    The present invention has for its object to provide a solution for one or more of the aforementioned and / or other disadvantages.
    BE2018 / 5859 ó
    To this end, the invention relates to a pressure test method for testing the mechanical strength and / or the tightness of an object, the object enclosing an internal cavity with a volume V c 5, the pressure test method comprising the following steps:
    a. filling a first volume Vr of the internal cavity with a first filling material, a second volume Vt of the internal cavity remaining free from the first filling material;
    b. then hermetically sealing the internal cavity;
    c. then increasing a pressure p measured in the second volume Vt by controlling. a stream of compressed gas toward and into the second volume Vt, up to a test pressure P t is reached; and
    d. subsequently the registration of the pressure p, for a predefined period of time greater than zero, with the characteristic feature that the first volume Vf is at least 7 0 20% of the volume V c.
    By '' mechanical strength 'is a resistance of just brittle against deformation object referred to, or more specifically expressed a maximum test pressure p t which tolerates the object 25 during the predefined period of time occurs without brittle deformation of the object.
    By "leak-tightness" is meant the inverse of permeability of the object, which permeability can be defined as a volume of compressed gas that during a predefined period of time at a test pressure
    BE2018 / 5859 pt escapes from the internal cavity to an environment of the object. In other words, the higher the volume of compressed gas which, during the predefined period of time at a test pressure p t from the internal cavity to
    5 Area of it ob you Ict Escaped, the lower theleak tightness of it ob you ! Ct. In the event that this volume Ong e c ompr1 me d r gas very small is, has the leak tightness a
    very high value.
    By 'an environment of the object / is meant a space that encloses the object adjacent.
    By "filling material" is meant a material in a solid aggregation state, which material is used to pressurize the second volume V f during pressure testing. in the internal cavity.
    An advantage of the pressure test method according to the invention is that a volume of compressed gas required for pressure testing is significantly smaller compared to a pressure test method in which the internal cavity remains completely free of the first filling material, so that also the required amount of energy for compressing this gas limited ft.
    In addition, in this way the amount of energy released in the environment of the object if the object would fail under the test pressure p t during the pressure testing is reduced.
    BE2018 / 5859, if the compressed gas comprises chemically hazardous components, is an amount of these components that are released into the environment in case of failure of the object under test, the pressure p tf is also reduced.
    Preferably, during the predefined period of time, the pressure p is controlled to the test pressure p t , for example, by sending an additional stream of compressed gas to and in the second volume V t and / or by filling the t e d. e full urn
    Vt with a second filler material and / ot by the filling of the second volume V t with a filling fluid, preferably a neutral or inert vu1fluïdum.
    This provides the advantage that a volume of compressed gas that escapes from the internal cavity to the environment of the object during the predefined period of time during the pressure testing of a not completely leakproof object can be accurately determined and is a measure of permeability and consequently leak tightness of the object.
    In a preferred embodiment of the pressure test method, a contact surface between the internal cavity and the object has a total area A and the first filling material fills the internal cavity such that an interphase surface between the second volume Vt and the object has an area of at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95% and even more preferably at least 99% of the aforementioned total area A.
    BE2018 / 5859
    As a result, the contact surface is almost entirely exposed to, and tested with respect to the test pressure pt in the second volume V t.
    This has the advantage that the risk of unintentionally not detecting micro-cracks in the contact surface between the internal cavity and the object during the vomiting testing, which have a negative effect on the mechanical strength and / or leak-tightness of the object, is reduced.
    In a more preferred embodiment of the invention, the first filling material fills the internal cavity such that the first filling material and the object touch each other.
    In other words, this means that the first filling material is in contact with the object, which results in mechanical support of the first filling material by said object.
    Alternatively, the first filling material is kept at a distance greater than zero from the object by means of one or more spacers.
    The intention and the advantage of these one or more spacers is that on the one hand the first filling material is supported by the spacer (s) and on the other hand the spacer (s) by the object, while the interphase surface between the second volume Vt and the object depends on the size and / or shape of the spacer (s) can be kept as large as possible.
    182018/5859
    As a result, the contact surface can in this case also be exposed almost completely to and be tested with regard to the test pressure pt in the second volume Vt, thereby reducing the risk of inadvertent detection of micro-cracks in the contact surface between the internal cavity and the object. due to shielding of these micro-cracks with respect to the test pressure pt by the first filling material.
    Preferably, before step a of the pressure test method, the one or more spacers are mounted on the first filling material and / or in the internal cavity on the object.
    This facilitates the positioning of the spacer (s) in the internal cavity during pressure testing.
    In a preferred embodiment of the pressure test method according to the invention, the first filling material comprises one one-piece filling element.
    This has the advantage with filler material that it is easy to insert and / or insert one cavity in and / or out of the internal part.
    In another embodiment of the pressure test method according to the invention, the first filling material comprises several filling elements,
    This embodiment of the invention has the advantage that the first filling material can easily be put into the
    BE2018 / 5859 internal hort can be inserted and / or released through an opening of the object, this opening extending between the internal cavity and the environment of the object.
    In addition, a high degree of soiling for the internal cavity can be achieved, since the first filling material can fill space in the internal cavity that cannot be reached through one single-piece dirt through the aforementioned opening of the object.
    The 'filling degree' the percentage ratio of the first volume Vf is meant about the volume V c of the internal cavity.
    The multiple sheet elements of the first fill material preferably have substantially the same volume.
    Preferably, the first filling material comprises one or more filling elements with an irregular shape and / or one or more substantially spherical sheet elements.
    If the first filling material comprises one or more filling elements with an irregular shape, the first volume Vf in a preferred embodiment of the pressure test installation is at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95%, even more preferably at least 99 % of the volume V c .
    The advantage is that in this way a reduction of the second volume Vt of the internal cavity results in a significant reduction of the amount of energy that is in the
    BE2018 / 5859 environment of the object is released when the object fails during pressure testing.
    If the first filling material comprises a plurality of substantially spherical filling elements which have substantially the same volume, the first volume Vf in a preferred embodiment of the pressure test installation is at least 71%, preferably at least 72%, more preferably at least '73%, with even larger preferably at least 74% of the volume V c.
    The advantage here too is that in this way a reduction of the second volume Vt of the internal cavity results in a significant reduction of the amount of energy released in the environment of the object when the object fails during pressure testing.
    A further advantage is that filler elements with a simple spherical shape and approximately the same volume, which can therefore easily be produced in mass, can be used as standard filler elements in pressure testing.
    Preferably, the compressed gas comprises, on the one hand, a neutral compressed gas or a neutral compressed gas mixture, preferably compressed air; and / or on the other hand an inert compressed gas mixture or an inert compressed gas, preferably nitrogen gas or a noble gas, more preferably helium gas.
    By 'neutral' it is meant that just compressed gas or gas mixture does not show a chemical reaction with the object.
    BE2018 / 5859
    The choice of a neutral and / or inert, gas and / or gas mixture reduces the risk of leaking significant quantities of dangerous reactive gases into the environment during the pressure. Testing in the event of failure of a part of the object, thereby reducing the risk of explosion or pollution in the environment of the object is reduced or avoided.
    The specific advantage of using compressed air is that it is easily available.
    The specific advantage of using helium gas is that helium gas comprises relatively small molecules, so that it can easily escape into the environment through micro-cracks in the object, so that the leak-tightness of the object can be accurately determined.
    With "relatively small molecule", a molecule with a kinetic diameter of less than 400 µm, preferably less than 350 µm, more preferably less than 300 µm, even more preferably less than 275 µm. intended.
    Preferably, the first filling material is an essential hard material.
    By "essential hard material" is meant a material that exhibits significant resistance to permanent plastic deformation.
    The advantage of using an essential hard material for the first fill material is that the first
    BE2018 / 5859 filler material will be resistant to permanent plastic deformation such as indentations, scratches, etc.
    Preferably, the first filler material is an essential non-expandable material.
    By "essentially non-compressible material" is meant a material that exhibits essentially no elastic deformation under a mechanical load.
    As a result, the first filling material retains as high a volume as possible during pressure testing while increasing the pressure p in the second volume V t , so that under the test pressure p t the degree of filling of the internal cavity of the object remains as high as possible and consequently the second volume Vt remains reduced as strongly as possible.
    The invention also relates to a pressure test installation for testing the mechanical strength and / or leak-tightness of an object, the object comprising an internal cavity, the pressure test installation comprising a first filling material, the first filling material being configured to have a first volume Vf of to fill the internal cavity and a second volume V t of the internal cavity of free to hold the first filler material, with the characteristic feature, that the druktestinstaliatie is configured to perform a pressure test method according to the invention.
    BE2018 / 5859
    The advantages of such a pressure test installation according to the invention are similar to the advantages that are linked to the pressure test method according to the invention.
    With the insight to better demonstrate the characteristics of the invention, a few preferred embodiments of a pressure test method and a pressure test installation according to the invention are described below as an example without any limiting character, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
    Figure 1 shows a pressure-volume diagram, also known as a p-V diagram, with a curve representative of a change of state of a compressed gas in an internal cavity of an object during pressure testing when part of the object fails during pressure testing;
    figure 2 schematically represents a pressure test method according to the invention;
    Fig. 3 schematically shows a filling pattern of a set of in we are shapedvolume in thedisplays. filling elements of approximately the same internal cavity during pressure testing The full curve in it . pressure-volume diagram in Figure 1
    representative of an isothermal state change of a compressed gas in an internal cavity bypassed by an object during pressure testing when the compressed gas expands due to failure of a portion of the object.
    BE2018 / 5859
    As illustrated in the pressure-volume diagram, the pressure p of reed compressed gas decreases from a test pressure p t to atmospheric pressure p a , whereby the volume V of the compressed gas increases from a second volume V t of the. Internal cavity to a larger atmospheric volume V d that this gas assumes under atmospheric conditions.
    The amount of energy W that is released in the environment of the object upon expansion of the compressed gas due to the failure of a part of the object can be calculated as the area bounded by the full curve in Figure 1, the atmospheric pressure p a , the second volume V t of the internal cavity and the atmospheric volume V a . This surface is shown in Figure 1 as the shaded surface.
    At the same test pressure pt, the difference between the atmospheric volume V a of the gas and the second volume V t of the internal cavity will decrease when the second volume V t of the internal cavity is reduced during pressure testing. In this way the amount of energy that is released in the environment of the object in the event of failure of a part of the object is also reduced, since the shaded area becomes smaller.
    In quantitative terms the amount of energy W that is released in the environment of the object can be expressed during isothermal expansion of the gas by means of the following mathematical formula:
    W "- Vt Pt 'ln (p * / pt) V: ·" (ρ ε ~ Pa) f
    BE2018 / 5859 in which the Yin 'operator represents a natural logarithmic operation.
    A similar conclusion can be drawn from this formula that the amount of energy W decreases with a reduced second volume V c of the internal cavity.
    Figure 2 schematically shows the pressure test method according to the invention.
    In a first step, an internal cavity 1 is enclosed by the object 2 filled with a first filling material 3, until a first volume Vf of the internal cavity 1 is filled with the first filling material 3. A second volume V t 15 of the internal cavity 1 hereby remains free of the first filling material 3.
    In this case, the internal cavity 1 is filled with a set of substantially spherical filling elements 4 of approximately the same volume.
    However, it is not excluded that the first filling material 3 comprises one one-piece filling element and / or filling elements of a different, irregular or non-irregular shape. Furthermore, it is also not excluded that the first filling material 3 comprises several filling elements of a different volume.
    In a second step, geometrically sealed, the internal cavity 1 is subsequently sealed by means 5 which are configured for this purpose.
    BE2018 / 5859
    As a third step is then a stream of compressed gas toward and into the second volume Vt sent to the pressure p measured increase in volume of the second Vt to the test pressure P t is reached.
    If in a fourth step the object 2 does not fail under the test pressure p t in the second volume V c , and if the test pressure p f c can be maintained for a predefined period of time greater than zero in the second volume V t without an additional stream of compressed gas to and send in the second volume Vt to and / or without having to fill the second volume Vt with a second filler material and / or without the second volume V t can be filled with a fill fluid, it is to conclude that the object 2 meets requirements which are imposed on the object 2 in terms of mechanical strength and leak-tightness respectively.
    The second fill material can be the same as or different from the first fill material (3).
    If the object 2 meets these requirements, the pressure p in the second volume V t is lowered in a fifth step by discharging the compressed gas from the second volume V t.
    When the pressure p is in the internal cavity. 1 has been reduced to atmospheric pressure p a , the means 5 are removed in a sixth step to compact the internal cavity 1.
    It cannot be excluded that the means 5 are already removed before the pressure p in the second volume Vt returns to
    BE2018 / 5859 the atmospheric pressure p a has decreased. In other words, the removal of the means 5 can be effectively utilized for reducing the pressure p in the second volume V c.
    finally, in a seventh step, the first filler material 3 and / or the second filler material and / or the filler fluid can be removed from the Internal cavity 1.
    Figure 3 shows in more detail how substantially spherical U filler pins 4 of approximately the same volume are stacked in the internal cavity 1 during pressure testing if this volume of one of the essentially spherical filler elements 4 is small relative to the internal cavity.
    By "small relative to the internal cavity" is meant in this context that the volume of one of the essentially spherical elements 4 is such that a largest straight dimension of this one. of the substantially spherical elements 4 is typically more than ten times smaller than the smallest straight dimension of the internal cavity 1.
    In this case, the filling elements 4 will show a filling pattern that is comparable to a cubic flat centered Crystal structure. It is part of the general scientific knowledge that a maximum degree of filling for this type of filling pattern is n / (3 · '2), which is slightly higher than 74%. In this way, the second volume Vt of the internal cavity 1 is almost four times to make smaller than the volume V c of the first internal cavity.
    BE2018 / 5859
    An alternative to the substantially spherical filling elements 4 of approximately the same volume is the use of a
    filling element 4 Which a similar form has to the internal cavity 1; Which it first volume Vf of the internal cavity 1 for at least 80%, Bee preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95% and with even larger forks at least 99% off
    the volume V c of the internal cavity 1 fills; and optionally kept away from the object 2 by means of small spacers to keep the contact area between the first filling material 3 and the object 2 as small as possible. These spacers can for instance be designed as conical protrusions on the filling element 4, but other embodiments are not excluded.
    For a cylindrical filling element 4 In a cylindrical internal cavity 1, the second volume Vt of the internal cavity 1 · percentage relative to the volume V c of the internal cavity 1 is reduced to:
    % Reduction ™ (D - 2 · x} 2 (H - 2 x) / (D 2 · H), where D is the diameter of the cylindrical internal cavity 1, H is the height of the cylindrical internal cavity 1, and x the distance between on the one hand an external surface of the cylindrical filling element 4 and on the other hand the contact surface between the cylindrical internal cavity 1 and the object 2 according to the normal direction on these two surfaces.
    If it is possible to produce such a cylindrical filling element 4 and insert it into such a cylindrical internal ho with a height H of 0.5 m and a diameter D of 0.3 m
    BE2018 / 5859 transfer so that the distance x is only 1.0 mm wide, amounts to just the second volume Vt of the internal cavity 1 inserter net), of the cylindrical vuieiement only 1.7% of the volume V c of the internal cavity 1,
    Nor can it be excluded that the internal cavity 1 is filled with several separate sheet elements which have an irregular shape and / or do not necessarily have the same volume. For all types of filling elements, a high degree of filling of the internal cavity 1 can be achieved: preferably at least 8%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95%, even more preferably at least 99% of the volume V c .
    The present invention is by no means limited to the embodiments described by way of example and shown in the figures, a pressure test method according to the invention can be realized with all kinds of additional steps and / or a pressure test installation according to the invention can be in all kinds of shapes and / or dimensions and can be realized with all kinds of additional components without departing from the scope of the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (25)
    [1]
    Conclusions
    1.- A pressure test method for mechanical testing
    5 strength and / or leakproofness of an abject (
    [2]
    2), the object (2) enclosing an internal cavity (1) with a volume V c , the pressure testing method comprising the following steps:
    filling a first volume Vf of the internal
    A cavity (1) with a first filling material (3), wherein a second volume V t of the internal cavity (1) remains free of the first filling material (3);
    b. then hermetically sealing the internal cavity (1);
    C. subsequently increasing a pressure p measured in the second volume Vt, by sending a flow of compressed gas to and into the second volume Vt, up to a test pressure P t is reached; and
    d. then registering the pressure p during one
    20 pre-defined time period is greater than zero, characterized in that the first volume Vf at least 7 0% of the volume V c is
    2.- The pressure test method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure p to the test pressure p fc is controlled during the predefined period of time.
    [3]
    3. The pressure test method according to claim thereby
    30 characterized in that the pressure p to the test pressure p> is regulated
    ΒΕ2018 / 5859 by sending an additional stream of compressed gas toward and into the second volume V c.
    [4]
    The pressure test method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a contact surface between the internal cavity (1) and the object (2) has a total surface area A, and the first filling material (3) the internal cavity (1) such fills that an interface surface between the second volume Vt and the object (2) has an area of at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 30%, even more preferably at least 95% and even even larger preferably at least 99% of the aforementioned total area A.
    [5]
    The pressure test method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the first filling material (3) fills the internal cavity (1) such that the first filling material (3) and the object (2) touch each other.
    [6]
    6. " The pressure test method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first filling material (3) is kept at a distance greater than zero from the object (2) by means of one or more spacers.
    [7]
    The pressure test method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the one or more spacers before step a on the one hand; first filler material (3) and / or other ice in the internal cavity (1) on the object (2).
    BE2018 / 5859
    The pressure test with h
    Moreover, according to the claims, characterized in that the filling material (3) comprises one one-piece filling element (4).
    [8]
    The pressure test method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the first filling material (3) comprises a plurality of filling elements (4).
    [9]
    10. The pressure test method according to the preceding claim, since it is characterized that the plurality of filling elements (4) have essentially the same volume.
    [10]
    The pressure test method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first filling material (3) comprises one or more filling elements (4) with an irregular shape.
    [11]
    The pressure test method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that; the first filling material (3) comprises one or more substantially spherical fillings (4).
    [12]
    The pressure test method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first volume Vf is preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95%, even more preferably at least 99% of the volume V is c.
    [13]
    The pressure test method according to claims 10 and 12, characterized in that the first volume Vf is preferably at least 71%, more preferably at least 72%, at still
    BE2018 / 5859, more preferably at least 73%, and even more preferably is at least 74% of the volume V c.
    [14]
    The pressure test method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compressed gas comprises a neutral compressed gas or a neutral compressed gas mixture, preferably air.
    [15]
    16. " The pressure test method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compressed gas comprises an inert compressed gas mixture or an inert compressed gas, preferably nitrogen gas or a noble gas, more preferably helium gas.
    [16]
    The pressure test method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first filling material (3) is an essentially hard material.
    [17]
    18. " The pressure test method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first filling material (3) is an essentially non-compressible material
    [18]
    19. " The pressure test method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure test method then comprises the following steps:
    e. decreasing the pressure p in the second volume Vt by discharging the compressed gas from the second volume Vt;
    1. compacting the internal cavity (1); and
    BE2018 / 5859
    g. then removing the first filler material (3) from the internal cavity (1),
    [19]
    20, “The pressure test method according to one of the preceding
    5 claims 2 to 19, characterized in that the pressure p to the test pressure pt is controlled by the filling of the second volume V t with a second filling material,
    [20]
    21. The pressure test method according to the preceding claim,
    Characterized in that the second filling material is different from the first filling material (3).
    [21]
    The pressure testing method according to claim 20, characterized in that the second filling material is the same as the
    First filling material (3).
    [22]
    The pressure test method according to any of the preceding claims 20 to 22, characterized in that. Which. the pressure test method following steps a-d the next step
    20 includes:
    h, removing the second filling material from the internal cavity (1),
    [23]
    The pressure test method according to any of the preceding claims 2 to 23, characterized in that the pressure p to the test pressure pt is controlled by filling the second volume V t with a filling fluid, preferably a neutral or inert filling fluid.
    BE2018 / 5859
    [24]
    The pressure test method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the pressure test method following steps a ~ d comprises the following step:
    i. removing the filling fluid from the internal cavity (1).
    [25]
    26. - A pressure test installation for testing the mechanical strength and / or leak tightness of an object (2), wherein the object (2) comprises an internal cavity (1),
    10 wherein the pressure test installation is a first filling material (3)
    OR1V - tf wherein the first filler material (3) is configured to fill a first volume Vf of the internal cavity (1) and to free a second volume Vt of the internal cavity (1) from the first filler material (3) characterized in that the pressure test installation is configured to perform a pressure test method according to any one of the preceding claims.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BE1026117A1|2019-10-14|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4047422A|1975-04-18|1977-09-13|Lyssy Georges H|Process for measuring permeability to gas of walls and/or closure of three-dimensional encasing elements|
    US4922746A|1988-05-25|1990-05-08|Benthos, Inc.|Leak testing|
    US20140165707A1|2011-06-30|2014-06-19|Sartorius Stedim Biotech Gmbh|Test method and apparatus for bioreactor containers and use|
    法律状态:
    2020-02-05| FG| Patent granted|Effective date: 20200107 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201862652335P| true| 2018-04-04|2018-04-04|
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